Marcia Bates’ After the Dot Bomb reveals a few methods those of us without information science educations should know about. It’s a bit finger-wavey (you web design whipper snappers you!) but it’s worth reading. Also, she’s way off the mark regarding ontologies, but that’s a rant for another day.
Eric unearths a related link, The fundamentals of information science, wherein a university librarian bullet points some big ideas from that field.